Role of Root Traits and Root Phenotyping in Drought Tolerance

The spatial distribution of all root parts in a particular growth environment is collectively referred to as root system architecture (RSA). Root length, cortical cell file number, number of roots and cell size help in determining water uptake ability among various root types as an adaptation strategy under dry conditions. Using a combination of root phenotyping techniques that include laboratory, greenhouse, and field evaluations, root characteristics can be identified and selected. Roots play a significant role in the plant's capacity to recover from drought stress. Root attributes are influenced by environmental factors, are difficult to measure in the field, and are regulated by polygenes. Different root properties, including root number, root length, root angle, and root surface area, have quantitative trait loci that have been found. Crop yield and the efficiency with which nutrients and water are used could both be improved genetically by improving the root system architecture in drought-prone areas. Different alleles may be introduced into elite cultivars to create desired root phenotypes through molecular breeding in order to ensure crop productivity in a harsh environment.