Depression and Disability in Chronic Kidney Disease in Nigeria: A Case-Control Study

Aim: The main purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression and disability in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients and to determine any association between stage of CKD and depression in the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Methods: One hundred and sixty CKD patients were matched by age and gender with 160 subjects from the General Outpatient Department (GOPD). CKD patients were staged according to the study center criteria.

The Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview was used to elicit the diagnosis of depression, and the WHODAS 2.0 to assess disability. The Mann-Whitney U test and the independent t test/ANOVA to compare median and mean WHODAS scores respectively, the Chi square statistics were used in comparing WHODAS scores between the CKD group and the control group and the Wilcoxon test for within group comparisons. All analyses were carried out using (SPSS version 16.0).

Results: Prevalence of depression was 17.5% in CKD and 4.4% in control group. There was no significant difference between stages of CKD and depression. Predictors of disability were stages 3 and 4 of CKD OR = 1.9, 95% CI (1-3-3.0), P = .001 and depression OR = 8.5, 95% CI (1.8-38.5), P < .01, after model adjustment.

Conclusion: There is a need for effective consultation liaison work in the general medical department in order to assist in early detection and treatment of patients with depression in CKD.