Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Causes, Investigations and Management

Background: Clinical diagnosis of PE (PE) is not reliable enough to determine treatment, but it is important to classify patients as high, moderate, and low embolism. Laboratory tests can be combined with lung scans to identify groups of patients with a high or low likelihood of PE and to determine constipation or to prevent treatment. About half of PE patients are suspected to fall into one of these categories. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can be detected in the legs in approximately 50% of PE patients and double venography in approximately 70% of PE patients, preventing constipation in undiagnosed clinical and some lung patients. What needs to be done to provide the cause. Scan to confirm. If you do not receive DVT, it is less likely, but it does not include the possibility that the patient may be suffering from PE. The majority of patients who combine clinical trials, lung scans, and non-invasive DVT tests can safely be treated without anticoagulation, preliminary evidence suggests that abnormal persistent DVT testing is common within 2 weeks. Pulmonary angiography is important in patients who are not diagnosed with the above tests, (a) the likelihood of PE remaining (eg, 30-80%), (b) lack of cardiac appointments, (c) the possibility of continued follow-up, or (d) future management (eg, post-pregnancy) Is affected by the outcome. D-Dimer measurements are sensitive but not specified in PE and therefore may have a high negative prediction value, making it easier to diagnose PE.

Conclusion: PE remains an important clinical problem with a high mortality rate; Data from ICOPER provides values ​​and highlights negative predictor categories that will help plan future trials for high-risk PE patients.